1 Drachm Napki Malka

The Hephthalite Empire — a Central Asian power that humiliated the Sasanian Persians badly enough to kill Peroz I in 484 AD and extract decades of tribute from his successors — produced coinage that borrows heavily from Sasanian dies while asserting its own identity through deliberate modification. The Napki Malka issues represent one of the better-documented Hephthalite series, named from a Bactrian title rather than a personal ruler, which has made attribution to specific reigns nearly impossible and remains a point of active scholarly dispute.

The century-long date range reflects that uncertainty directly.