1 Denier Tornese - Dominic Giustiniani

Historical Context: This 1 Denier Tornese, issued in 1529 under Dominic Giustiniani, represents the waning years of the Genoese Lordship of Chios. As a Giustiniani governor (Maona), Dominic oversaw the island during a period of intense Ottoman pressure, just decades before its final annexation in 1566. Chios, a critical Genoese commercial outpost, maintained its autonomy through tribute. The issuance of this bronze coin underscores the practical need for local currency for daily transactions amidst the era's profound geopolitical instability and diminishing resources.

Artistry: The tornese exhibits the provincial numismatic style typical of early 16th-century Genoese colonial issues. Specific engravers are unknown for such denominations. The artistry prioritizes clear heraldic representation. The obverse likely features the Giustiniani family coat of arms—a prominent symbol of their authority, often a tower or griffin. The reverse commonly displays a cross, possibly St. George's, encircled by abbreviated Latin legends identifying the ruler and the Maona of Chios.

Technical/Grading: Weighing 3.8 grams and 20 millimeters, this bronze tornese often displays variable technical qualities. High-points for wear or strike weakness include the central heraldic device and outer legend elements. Planchets are frequently irregular, and strikes can be weak, particularly at the rims, or slightly off-center. Full legibility of all legends or sharp detail in the central devices is often elusive, impacting overall grade.