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| 表面の説明 | The City of Bologna coat of arms occupies the central field, displayed as a quartered shield bearing the civic cross and fleur-de-lis motifs, surmounted by an elaborate crown. The shield is flanked on either side by outward-facing olive or laurel branches, lending the composition a heraldic solemnity. The word LIBERTAS appears inscribed across the lower quarters of the shield. The circular Latin legend BONONIA DOCET runs along the outer periphery, separated from the central device by a plain inner border. |
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| 表面の文字体系 | ログイン して詳細を見る |
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| 裏面の説明 | ログイン して詳細を見る |
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| 縁 | Plain |
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| 追加情報 |
Clement XI's papacy was consumed almost entirely by the War of the Spanish Succession, during which Bologna — as a Papal States city — found itself diplomatically squeezed between Habsburg and Bourbon pressures. The Pope's failed attempt at neutrality collapsed when he recognized Philip V, then was compelled to reverse course, earning him enemies on both sides and ultimately the humiliation of the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713, which disposed of Italian territories without papal consultation. These carlini were struck across that entire turbulent span.