1 Bisti - Abbas I Safavi type D1, unknown mint

Abbas I overhauled the Safavid monetary system around 1610–1611, introducing a rationalized bisti denomination as part of broader fiscal reforms tied to his consolidation of royal control over the silk trade. The bisti circulated as a fractional workhorse in bazaar transactions, and the proliferation of operating mints under Abbas — many provincial, some ephemeral — means that unattributed mint examples are not exceptional. The unknown mint designation here is honest; forcing an attribution on these small fractionals has produced more catalog errors than clarity.