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White Denier - Robert
| Issuer | Duchy of Bar |
|---|---|
| Year | 1365-1411 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Reverse description | A bold, broad equilateral cross pattée occupies the central field, enclosed within a beaded inner circle. Above the cross, a small heraldic ornament or letter is visible at the upper canton. The outer legend, in Gothic majuscules and divided by pellets, reads BARRENSIS DUX followed by the devotional inscription BENEDICTVM SIT NOME DNI NRI DI IHV XPI — 'Blessed be the name of our Lord God, Jesus Christ' — a pious formula characteristic of Bar coinage of this period. The reverse presents a clean, symmetrical composition typical of late 14th-century French feudal billon issues. |
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| Mintage | ND (1365-1411) |
| Additional information |
Robert I of Bar ruled through one of the more turbulent stretches of northeastern French political history, his tenure shadowed by the aftermath of Poitiers and the slow disintegration of Valois authority in the region. The Duchy of Bar occupied an awkward buffer position between France and the Holy Roman Empire, and its coinage policy reflected that — billon issues like this denier served local exchange needs while the duchy navigated shifting monetary ordinances from Paris it was not always obliged to follow.
Flon places this type firmly within Robert's long reign, though the 46-year span assigned suggests die and weight variations exist across the series that have not been fully resolved in the literature.