Tetradrachm Uncertain Punic mint

The late fourth century BC saw Carthaginian forces deeply entrenched in Sicily following decades of grinding conflict with Syracuse. Coinage from uncertain Punic mints of this period was almost certainly struck to pay mercenary troops — Libyan, Campanian, and Iberian soldiers who demanded hard coin rather than promises. The attribution remains unresolved; Jenkins and others have proposed multiple western Sicilian candidates, with Panormus and Lilybaeum both argued and neither conclusively proven.

The SNG Ashmolean and Jenkins P3 references place this firmly within a recognized die study, which at least anchors it typologically even where mint geography resists certainty.