Tetradrachm - Philetaerus

Historical Context: This silver Tetradrachm, issued by Philetaerus of Pergamon between 268 BC and 261 BC, represents a pivotal period in the formation of the Attalid dynasty. Philetaerus, a eunuch, skillfully transitioned from treasurer under Lysimachus and Seleucus I to establish an independent state centered at Pergamon. His coinage, though bearing the idealized head of the deified Alexander the Great, signaled his growing sovereignty and the nascent power of Pergamon, laying the foundation for a future Hellenistic kingdom.

Artistry: The obverse features a masterful portrait of the deified Alexander, characterized by flowing hair and the distinctive ammon horn, a type famously established by Lysimachus's engravers, likely Theodotos. This early Hellenistic style, while rooted in classical ideals, conveys a sense of divine majesty. The reverse depicts Athena enthroned, holding Nike, with a shield and spear. This composition, embodying victory and protection, showcases the refined craftsmanship typical of the period, emphasizing Pergamon's cultural sophistication.

Technical/Grading: Struck in silver (16.96 gg, 31 mmmm), this coin's grading is highly dependent on the strike quality and preservation of its high-relief areas. Key high-points on the obverse include Alexander's hair curls, eye, and the ammon horn. On the reverse, attention is paid to Athena's helmet crest, facial features, the intricate details of the Nike figure, and drapery folds. A well-centered and fully struck example will exhibit sharp details, minimal die wear, and lustrous surfaces, reflecting the exceptional quality of Pergamene minting.