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Tetradrachm Alexander III Type

Issuer Uncertain Eastern European Celts
Year 300 BC - 201 BC
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Composition Silver
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Reverse description Zeus Aëtophoros enthroned to the left on a plain throne with ball-footed legs, his muscular upper body bare and his lower body draped in a himation. In his extended right hand he holds an eagle, and in his left he grasps a long scepter; a stylized eagle or bird symbol appears in the upper left field. The Greek legend ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ runs vertically along the right field within a beaded border, rendered in a somewhat irregular but legible Celtic hand following the Macedonian prototype.
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Mintage ND (300 BC - 201 BC)
Additional information

Celtic tribes across the Danube basin began striking imitations of Alexander III's coinage in the late 4th century BC, initially as close copies before progressively abstracting the designs across generations of die-cutters who may never have seen the Greek originals. This particular type, attributed to uncertain eastern European Celtic issuers, belongs to a tradition in which monetary function and artistic interpretation diverged so completely that the prototypes are sometimes unrecognizable without the reference sequence. The Göbl classification system remains the primary framework for sorting these issues, though attribution to specific tribes or regions is often provisional given the absence of controlled archaeological findspot data.

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