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Tetradrachm

Issuer Syracuse
Year 466 BC - 460 BC
Type Standard circulation coin
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Reverse description Facing slightly right, the head of the nymph Arethusa is rendered in fine Early Classical style, her hair bound in a simple fillet and arranged in elegant waves; four dolphins swim around the portrait in the field, symbolizing the marine sanctuary of the nymph. The inscription ΣYPAKOΣION curves around the periphery, identifying the issuing city-state of Syracuse. The portrait displays the restrained naturalism and delicate linear treatment characteristic of pre-Kimon Syracusan die engraving.
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Reverse lettering ΣYPAKOΣION
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Additional information

This issue falls within the earliest phase of Syracuse's democratic period, following the expulsion of Thrasybulus in 466 BC — the last of the Deinomenid tyrants. The transition from tyranny to democracy coincided with a deliberate shift in coin production, and the dies from this window show the Syracusan mint working through that stylistic evolution with unusual speed. Boehringer's sequencing places this type precisely in that transitional cluster.

The specific Boehringer 499 attribution is worth noting. It sits in a tightly documented die study that remains the authoritative sequence for early Syracusan tetradrachms of this generation.

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