Scudo of 103 Bolognini - Rinaldo I

Rinaldo I d'Este had spent decades navigating the wreckage of the War of the Spanish Succession before finally securing imperial investiture from Charles VI in 1711 — a recognition that stabilized the duchy's political footing just enough to support a coherent coinage program. The scudo of 103 bolognini belongs to that window of relative consolidation, its denomination pegged to the local accounting system rather than any pan-Italian standard.

The MIR 830/833 range reflects documented die variants across the two-year production span, a detail worth checking against the reverse field before cataloging further.