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Qanhari Dirham 'Damma' - Ya'qub Beg
| Issuer | Sind |
|---|---|
| Year | 1050-1059 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Multi-line Arabic Kufic inscription occupying the entire reverse field, arranged in horizontal registers across the irregular flan. The legends are more finely executed than the obverse, with elongated vertical strokes and ligatures characteristic of the Qanhari damma type. Pellet ornaments appear in the left field, echoing the decorative convention seen on the obverse. The flan is irregular and shows typical characteristics of hand-struck provincial coinage of Sind, with slightly ragged edges. The inscription references the ruler Ya'qub Beg and conforms to the standard religious and dynastic formulae of the series. |
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| Edge | Plain. |
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| Additional information |
Ya'qub Beg governed Sind as a subordinate Ghaznavid administrator during a period when the dynasty's grip on its eastern provinces was visibly loosening. These fractional silver pieces — struck at Qanhar, a mint otherwise sparsely attested in the numismatic record — circulated in a frontier economy where full dirhams were increasingly scarce. The near-absence of surviving examples with legible mint names has made die-linked attributions the primary tool for establishing this type.