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Qanhari Dirham 'Damma' - Ya'qub Beg
| Issuer | Sind |
|---|---|
| Year | 1050-1059 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Crudely hammered irregular flan bearing multi-line Arabic legends disposed across the field in horizontal registers. The inscription, characteristic of the Qanhari Sind damma series, is rendered in an archaic, angular Kufic script. A column of pellets appears along the left margin, a decorative element typical of this provincial series. The legends are compressed into the available flan space, with letterforms showing the bold, somewhat degenerate style associated with late Sind hammered coinage. The overall design reflects the simplified epigraphic tradition of the Habbarid-era successor issues of the lower Indus region. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Multi-line Arabic Kufic inscription occupying the entire reverse field, arranged in horizontal registers across the irregular flan. The legends are more finely executed than the obverse, with elongated vertical strokes and ligatures characteristic of the Qanhari damma type. Pellet ornaments appear in the left field, echoing the decorative convention seen on the obverse. The flan is irregular and shows typical characteristics of hand-struck provincial coinage of Sind, with slightly ragged edges. The inscription references the ruler Ya'qub Beg and conforms to the standard religious and dynastic formulae of the series. |
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| Additional information |
Ya'qub Beg governed Sind as a subordinate Ghaznavid administrator during a period when the dynasty's grip on its eastern provinces was visibly loosening. These fractional silver pieces — struck at Qanhar, a mint otherwise sparsely attested in the numismatic record — circulated in a frontier economy where full dirhams were increasingly scarce. The near-absence of surviving examples with legible mint names has made die-linked attributions the primary tool for establishing this type.