Qanhari Dirham 'Damma' - Tamim ibn Zayd al-Qayni

Historical Context: This Qanhari Dirham, issued by Tamim ibn Zayd al-Qayni in Sind (726-731 CE), represents a crucial phase of early Umayyad administration in the Indian subcontinent. Tamim, an Umayyad governor, consolidated Arab rule following initial conquests. Its exceptionally light 0.30 gram weight suggests a fractional currency, adapting to local economic systems or reflecting a specific 'Qanhari' regional standard, distinct from standard Umayyad dirhams. It underscores the challenges of imperial coinage in a newly acquired, distant province.

Artistry: The artistry adheres to aniconic principles of early Islamic coinage, focusing on epigraphic design. While the engraver is anonymous, the stylistic school is distinctly early Umayyad provincial, characterized by functional calligraphy. The 'Damma' likely refers to a specific diacritical mark or unique design element within the Arabic inscriptions. Due to its minute size, the design would be highly condensed, prioritizing legibility of the ruler's name, mint, and date over ornate flourishes, reflecting its practical utility.

Technical/Grading: Given its minuscule size and provincial origin, technical strike quality varies significantly. High-points for grading focus on clarity and completeness of central inscriptions, particularly Tamim ibn Zayd al-Qayni's name, the mint, and any discernible 'Damma' feature. Expect an irregular flan and possibly an off-center strike, common for such fractional issues. While silver, planchet preparation might show inconsistencies. Full legibility of all characters is a premium attribute for this challenging series.