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Pul - temp. Muhammad Uzbeg Khwarizm mint
| Issuer | Golden Horde |
|---|---|
| Year | 1328-1336 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
| Reference(s) | A#2026, Zeno cat#9876 |
| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
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| Reverse description | The reverse field carries a three-line Arabic mint and date legend arranged horizontally across the flan, reading 'Duriba / Khwarizm / 728' (ضرب / خوارزم / ٧٢٨), indicating the place and year of striking in the Hijri calendar. The script is executed in a bold Naskh style consistent with the obverse hand. A partial dotted border is discernible at the periphery, though die misalignment and the irregular flan cause portions of the legend to fall off the coin's edge. The surface retains a golden-brown patina with scattered green oxidation typical of excavated Jochid copper issues. |
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| Reverse lettering | ضرب خوارزم ٧٢٨ |
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| Additional information |
Muhammad Uzbeg Khan's reign marked the definitive Islamization of the Golden Horde — a policy enforced with enough political will that it permanently reshaped religious practice across the western steppe. The Khwarizm mint was one of several regional striking facilities operating under his authority, and copper pul from this mint circulated as everyday small change in a commercial zone that connected Mongol-controlled Central Asia to Genoese trading posts on the Black Sea.
The Zeno catalog records for this type are notably inconsistent in die alignment, suggesting decentralized production without strict workshop oversight.