Pul 'Sun-face type' - Toqta Qrim mint

Toqta's consolidation of Golden Horde authority in the early 14th century came after decades of internal dynastic conflict, and his Crimean mint output reflects a ruler actively standardizing coinage across a fractured monetary system. The Qrim mint was among the most commercially active in the western steppe, feeding trade networks that ran from the Black Sea ports through to the Volga basin.

The three Lebedev references for this type suggest die or flan variation within a single short emission window — not unusual for a copper pul series where production controls were loose compared to silver coinage.