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Pul 'Sun-face type' - Toqta Qrim mint
| Issuer | Golden Horde |
|---|---|
| Year | 1307-1308 |
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| Currency | Dinar (1227-1502) |
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| Obverse description | Stylized solar face depicted frontally at centre, rendered in low relief with radiating elements projecting from a central boss to form a sun motif. The face is schematically executed in the Mongol decorative tradition, with dot and pellet details suggesting eyes and nose. A beaded or denticulated border encircles the design, typical of Golden Horde copper pul coinage of the early 14th century. The overall composition reflects the syncretic artistic vocabulary of the Jochid ulus, blending steppe symbolic imagery with numismatic convention. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | Dynastic tamgha of the Jochid line occupying the central field, serving as the principal dynastic emblem of the issuing authority. An Arabic legend in the field or around the tamgha identifies the mint as Qrim (Crimea). The design is characteristic of Golden Horde copper issues struck at the Qrim mint under Khan Toqta, with the tamgha functioning as both a legitimising symbol and a die-identifier. The flan is irregular and the strike uneven, consistent with hammered production methods of the period. |
| Reverse script | Arabic |
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