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Pul Star countermark

Uitgever Golden Horde
Jaar 1400-1420
Type Log in om details te zien
Waarde 1 Pul (1⁄16)
Valuta Log in om details te zien
Samenstelling Log in om details te zien
Gewicht Log in om details te zien
Diameter Log in om details te zien
Dikte Log in om details te zien
Vorm Log in om details te zien
Techniek Log in om details te zien
Oriëntatie Log in om details te zien
Graveur(s) Log in om details te zien
In omloop tot Log in om details te zien
Referentie(s) Log in om details te zien
Beschrijving voorzijde Irregular hammered copper flan displaying Arabic legends in the field, characteristic of late Golden Horde pul coinage. The inscription, typical of Jochid monetary practice, is arranged in multiple lines across the central field. The strike is uneven, resulting in partially legible text and a rough, granular surface texture consistent with the debased coinage of the terminal Golden Horde period. The flan exhibits a notch at the upper left rim, likely the result of a test cut or flan preparation. Overall execution reflects the declining quality of Golden Horde copper coinage in the early fifteenth century.
Schrift voorzijde Arabic
Opschrift voorzijde Log in om details te zien
Beschrijving keerzijde Plain copper field bearing a prominent applied star-shaped countermark, struck with a small punch in the central area of the flan. The star motif, with multiple radiating pointed rays, is deeply impressed and raised in relief, characteristic of Golden Horde administrative re-validation countermarks applied to circulating puls. A secondary smaller mark is visible to the left of the principal star. The surrounding field is flat and featureless, with a coarse hammered texture. The countermark served as an official validation device to authorize continued circulation of the host coin.
Schrift keerzijde Log in om details te zien
Opschrift keerzijde Log in om details te zien
Rand Log in om details te zien
Muntplaats Log in om details te zien
Oplage Log in om details te zien
Aanvullende informatie Log in om details te zien

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