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Pul 'Hexagram with curls' - temp. Tochtamysh Saray al-Jadida mint
| Issuer | Golden Horde |
|---|---|
| Year | 1388-1390 |
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| Currency | Dinar (1227-1502) |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | The reverse carries a multi-line Arabic legend arranged in two or three horizontal registers across the central field, with diacritical dots visible between and beneath the letter forms. The inscription, characteristic of Golden Horde mint issues of the late 14th century, records the mint name Saray al-Jadida and a regnal year expressed in the Islamic AH calendar. Individual letter strokes are boldly raised in relief against the flat, granular flan surface, though partial weakness at the margins leaves portions of the legend incomplete. The field is unbordered, and the coin's irregular outline reflects the hand-cut planchet preparation standard for copper puls of this period. |
| Reverse script | Arabic |
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| Additional information |
Toktamysh's brief consolidation of the Golden Horde in the late 1380s came after years of civil war between rival khans, and his coinage from Saray al-Jadida reflects a mint operating under recovered but still unstable authority. The hexagram design on copper puls of this period belongs to a geometric decorative vocabulary that spread across Mongol successor states and carries no religious specificity — a practical choice for a polity governing populations of mixed faith.
Pyrozhkov's attribution sequence places this type within a narrow emission window that likely closed as Timur's campaigns began dismantling Toktamysh's power base after 1391.