Antigonus II Mattathias was the last Hasmonean king, placed on the throne by the Parthians in 40 BC after they invaded Judea and expelled Hyrcanus II. His three-year reign was defined entirely by war against Herod, whom Rome had simultaneously declared king. When Herod's forces — backed by Roman legions under Sosius — finally took Jerusalem in 37 BC, Antigonus was taken to Antioch and beheaded by Mark Antony. He was the only client king Rome is recorded to have executed by that method rather than reserved for a triumph.
Antigonus II Mattathias was the last Hasmonean king, placed on the throne by the Parthians in 40 BC after they invaded Judea and expelled Hyrcanus II. His three-year reign was defined entirely by war against Herod, whom Rome had simultaneously declared king. When Herod's forces — backed by Roman legions under Sosius — finally took Jerusalem in 37 BC, Antigonus was taken to Antioch and beheaded by Mark Antony. He was the only client king Rome is recorded to have executed by that method rather than reserved for a triumph.