Prutah - Alexander Jannaeus

Historical Context: This Prutah was issued during the tumultuous reign of Alexander Jannaeus (Yehonatan), Hasmonean king and High Priest of Judea, from 104 to 76 BC. His era saw significant territorial expansion and internal conflicts, reflecting a complex interplay between Hellenistic culture and traditional Jewish identity. As a common bronze denomination, the Prutah was vital for daily commerce, underscoring the authority of a ruler who wielded both secular and religious power.

Artistry: The engraver remains anonymous, typical for provincial issues, likely a local artisan within the Judaean stylistic school. Hendin 1145 features an anchor on the obverse, often encircled by the Greek legend "ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΥ" (of King Alexander), symbolizing maritime ambitions. The reverse displays a star, frequently within a diadem, accompanied by a paleo-Hebrew inscription "Yehonatan the High Priest and the Council of the Jews," signifying his dual role and royal authority.

Technical/Grading: Struck on a 2.15-gram, 14-millimeter bronze flan, this Prutah often exhibits considerable variability. High-points for strike include the anchor's flukes and stock, and the star's central points and rays. Due to rapid production, weak strikes are common, particularly affecting the legends, which are frequently off-flan or illegible. Irregular flans and off-center strikes are characteristic, with surface pitting and patination often present from burial conditions.