Pfennig Undetermined Friesach marks, Peilenstein

Friesach-type pfennigs were struck at multiple competing mints across Carinthia and neighboring territories during this period, making attribution notoriously difficult. The Peilenstein mint, operated under the bishops of Gurk, entered this crowded field as one of several ecclesiastical and secular authorities exploiting the Friesach standard's regional dominance — a dominance that had spread the type as far as the Balkans and the Crusader states by the early thirteenth century.

CNA Cq30 sits in a cluster of types where die linkage studies remain the primary tool for separating issuers. Exact attribution without die analysis is genuinely uncertain.