| Đơn vị phát hành | March of Istria-Carniola (Austrian States) |
|---|---|
| Năm | 1204-1228 |
| Loại | Standard circulation coin |
| Mệnh giá | 1 Pfennig (1) |
| Tiền tệ | Pfennig (1000-1600) |
| Chất liệu | Silver |
| Trọng lượng | 0.85 g |
| Đường kính | 19 mm |
| Độ dày | |
| Hình dạng | Round (irregular) |
| Kỹ thuật | Hammered |
| Hướng | Variable alignment ↺ |
| Nghệ nhân khắc | |
| Lưu hành đến | |
| Tài liệu tham khảo | CNA#Ci7 |
| Mô tả mặt trước | Standing bishop, crozier in his right hand, key in his left. Inscription around the outside between two circles. |
|---|---|
| Chữ viết mặt trước | Latin |
| Chữ khắc mặt trước | +EBRH - ARDS |
| Mô tả mặt sau | Angel`s head with towering wings, a cross between them. Inscription around the outside between two circular lines. |
| Chữ viết mặt sau | Latin |
| Chữ khắc mặt sau | STNIN... |
| Cạnh | Plain |
| Xưởng đúc | |
| Số lượng đúc |
ND (1204-1228) - - |
| ID Numisquare | 1203031920 |
| Thông tin bổ sung |
Historical Context: The Pfennig of "Henry IV Stein in Oberkrain" (CNA#Ci7) was struck in the March of Istria-Carniola (1204-1228), a Holy Roman Empire frontier. "Henry IV" likely designates a coin type featuring a ruler's bust, not Emperor Henry IV. This era saw the powerful House of Andechs (Dukes of Merania) dominating Carniola, preceding the Sponheimers. "Stein in Oberkrain" (Kamen in Upper Carniola) indicates a local mint or territorial association within this strategic Alpine-Adriatic region, marked by feudal fragmentation and Venetian influence.
Artistry: This early 13th-century Pfennig displays schematic, stylized artistry, typical of regional coinage. Individual engravers are unknown, reflecting workshop traditions. The obverse usually features a simplified, crowned frontal or turned bust, representing a ruler or ecclesiastical figure. The reverse commonly shows a cross or geometric design, often with fragmented or abbreviated legends. The aesthetic prioritizes symbolic representation over naturalistic detail, with variations reflecting local die-cutters' interpretations.
Technical/Grading: For optimal grading, a strong, centered strike is paramount, often rare for this type. Key high-points include the definition of the ruler's crown and facial features, clarity of any scepter or orb, and legibility of the surrounding legend. Wear first manifests on the bust's highest points and legend edges. Flan irregularities, minor cracks, and off-center strikes are common and generally accepted, but a well-struck example with minimal wear is highly desirable.