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Pfennig Carniola and borderland coinage
| Issuer | Duchy of Carinthia (Austrian States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1200-1250 |
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| Composition | Silver |
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| Obverse description | Frontal bust of Archbishop Eberhard rendered in crude romanesque style, depicted facing, wearing a mitre, and holding a book in the left hand and a patriarchal cross-staff in the right. The effigy occupies the central field, surrounded by a circular beaded border. The outer legend reads EBER HARDVS EPISCOPVS in Latin characters, distributed around the periphery of the coin. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
These thin, bracteate-style pfennigs were struck under the Dukes of Carinthia during a period when the Spanheimer dynasty still held the duchy, before it passed to the Habsburgs in 1335. The "Carniola and borderland" designation reflects genuine administrative ambiguity — Carinthia and Carniola shared minting infrastructure and monetary conventions closely enough that attribution to one jurisdiction over the other remains contested among specialists, which is exactly what Luschin's classification attempts to resolve.