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Pfennig - Bernard II Heiligenkreuz
| Issuer | Duchy of Carinthia (Austrian States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1220-1240 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Obverse description | Enthroned duke depicted in full frontal view, holding a lily scepter in his left hand with the shaft extending upward into the legend area; his right hand rests upon his hip. The figure is rendered in a flat, Romanesque stylized manner characteristic of early 13th-century Austrian bracteate-influenced coinage. An outer circular legend in Latin script is contained between two concentric line circles. The overall composition reflects the feudal authority of the Carinthian duchy. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | +E - RH[?] - E[???]HS |
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| Additional information |
Bernard II ruled Carinthia from 1202 until his death in 1256, and his coinage reflects the period when the Friesacher Pfennig system dominated Alpine trade networks — a regional monetary standard so pervasive that Friesach-type bracteate-influenced denars circulated as far as Hungary and the Balkans. The Heiligenkreuz attribution ties this issue to the mint operating under ecclesiastical influence near the Cistercian abbey, though precise mint attribution for Carinthian pfennigs of this period remains contested among specialists.
CNA Co8 places this squarely within a typologically dense series where die links between issues are still being worked out.