Penny 'Holland style' - Arnold V In nomine

Arnold V ruled Loon during a period when the county was effectively a buffer state between the Prince-Bishopric of Liège and the Duchy of Brabant, both of whom pressed territorial claims that would ultimately extinguish Loon's independence entirely — the county was absorbed by Liège in 1366. The "Holland style" designation reflects deliberate imitation of contemporary Dutch penny types, a monetary strategy used by smaller regional lords to ease cross-border acceptance of their coinage in trade networks they could not otherwise dominate.

The multiple Lucas references suggest the type exists in enough die variation to have been catalogued as distinct emissions across a roughly four-decade span.