Penny - Æthelwulf Canterbury mint, Phase IV

Historical Context: This silver penny, struck 854-858, originates from the Canterbury mint during Phase IV of King Æthelwulf’s reign over Wessex. Æthelwulf, father of Alfred the Great, was a pivotal figure in mid-9th century Anglo-Saxon England, a period marked by escalating Viking incursions and the consolidation of Wessexian power. His coinage reflects the kingdom's economic stability and the monarch's asserted control over monetary production, crucial for funding defenses and maintaining a unified realm.

Artistry: While specific engravers remain anonymous, the Canterbury mint maintained a distinctive Anglo-Saxon stylistic school. The obverse features a draped bust of King Æthelwulf, often facing right, encircled by his royal title. The reverse design, characteristic of Sp#1051, showcases a prominent cross pattée with wedges in the angles, framed by the moneyer’s name and mint signature. This design, while functional for preventing clipping, also carries clear Christian symbolism, reflecting the religious underpinnings of the Anglo-Saxon monarchy.

Technical/Grading: Struck on a 20mm flan with a weight of 1.38 grams, this silver penny generally adheres to established monetary standards. High-points for wear include the king's nose and the central elements of the reverse cross. Due to hand-striking, minor flan irregularities or slight off-centering are common. A well-struck example will present sharp legends and clear definition of the bust and cross elements, indicating careful production at the Canterbury mint despite 9th-century minting limitations.