Mohur - Shah Alam II [Zabita Khan]

Historical Context: This Mohur, issued by the Rohilkhand princely state between 1762 and 1773, reflects a pivotal period of fragmentation within the Mughal Empire. While struck in the name of the nominal Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, its issuance under the authority of Zabita Khan, a powerful Rohilla chief (succeeding his father Najib ad-Dawlah in 1770), underscores Rohilkhand's de facto autonomy. This era saw intense regional power struggles involving the Marathas, Awadh, and the burgeoning British East India Company, with Rohilla leaders strategically navigating these conflicts while asserting their independent coinage rights as a symbol of sovereignty.

Artistry: The artistic style of this Mohur is deeply rooted in the established Mughal numismatic tradition, characterized by elegant Nastaliq calligraphy. While specific engraver signatures are exceedingly rare and generally absent on such issues from Indian princely states, the aesthetic demonstrates a high degree of skill in die-cutting. The legends, typically comprising the emperor's titles, regnal year, and mint name, are meticulously rendered, often within decorative borders, reflecting the prevalent Islamic epigraphic art form of the period rather than individual artistic attribution.

Technical/Grading: For optimal grading, focus on the clarity and completeness of the Nastaliq script on both obverse and reverse, particularly the mint name and date, which are often weakly struck. High-grade examples will exhibit a well-centered strike, ensuring all legends are fully visible within the flan. The 11.34g gold weight should be consistent, indicating minimal wear or clipping. A smooth planchet, free from significant adjustment marks or flan imperfections, and the presence of original mint luster, though often subdued on hammered coinage, are also crucial determinants of numismatic quality.