Mohur - Shah Alam II [Zabita Khan]

Historical Context: This Mohur, issued by the Princely State of Rohilkhand under Zabita Khan between 1762 and 1773, encapsulates a pivotal period of transition in 18th-century India. While bearing the name of the nominal Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II, its issuance by Zabita Khan, a powerful Rohilla chief, signifies the burgeoning autonomy of regional states. Rohilkhand, an Afghan-founded state, strategically positioned itself amidst the decline of central Mughal authority and the rise of other regional powers, asserting its sovereignty through its own coinage while maintaining a vestigial link to the imperial center.

Artistry: The artistry of this Mohur adheres to the established Mughal numismatic tradition, characterized by elegant Nastaliq calligraphy. While the specific engraver remains anonymous, typical for the era, the design would have prioritized clear legibility of the ruler's titles, mint name, and date. The aesthetic emphasis is on the beauty of the script itself, often arranged in poetic couplets or specific formulaic legends, reflecting the sophisticated courtly culture of the time rather than pictorial representations. The design elements are primarily epigraphic, showcasing the calligraphic skill of the die-engravers.

Technical/Grading: Struck in gold at 11.34 grams, this Mohur typically exhibits a generally strong strike due to the metal's malleability, though hand-striking methods ensure variability. High-points for wear and strike quality often include the intricate flourishes and serifs of the central calligraphic legends, particularly the ascending and descending strokes. Collectors should assess centering, which can vary widely, and the degree of metal flow, particularly at the rims. A well-struck example would show crisp details across the entire flan, indicating a fresh die and skilled execution, with minimal evidence of die wear or weakness.