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Mangir Mehmed II
| Issuer | Ottoman Empire |
|---|---|
| Year | 1457 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Hammered |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Arabic |
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| Reverse description | Hammered copper reverse bearing a multi-line Arabic inscription arranged in horizontal registers across the full field, consistent with standard Ottoman mangir die design. The legend reads 'Hallede Mülkehu 861 Duribe Bursa' (May his reign be everlasting, 861, Struck in Bursa), incorporating the AH mint date 861 and the mint name Bursa within the text field. The lettering is bold and slightly irregular, characteristic of hand-cut dies of the mid-15th century. No border or ornamental devices frame the legend. The flan exhibits typical hammered irregularity with slight flan flaws at the periphery. |
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| Additional information |
Mehmed II introduced the mangir as the Ottoman copper denomination following the conquest of Constantinople in 1453, establishing a trimetallic system — gold sultani, silver akçe, copper mangir — that would define Ottoman monetary organization for generations. This 1457 issue falls within the earliest years of that reformed coinage, when the new imperial monetary framework was still being consolidated across freshly absorbed Anatolian and Balkan mints.
Copper coinage of this period was struck at multiple provincial mints with little uniformity in weight or fabric, which accounts for the considerable variation collectors encounter across examples nominally sharing the same type.