Süleyman I died in 1566 on campaign at Szigetvár, making 1557 a late-reign issue struck when the empire held its greatest territorial extent. Copper manghirs occupied the lowest rung of Ottoman monetary circulation — change for the bazaar, not the treasury — and were minted in large, loosely supervised quantities across provincial mints, which accounts for the dramatic variation in fabric and centering that collectors encounter across this type.
Süleyman I died in 1566 on campaign at Szigetvár, making 1557 a late-reign issue struck when the empire held its greatest territorial extent. Copper manghirs occupied the lowest rung of Ottoman monetary circulation — change for the bazaar, not the treasury — and were minted in large, loosely supervised quantities across provincial mints, which accounts for the dramatic variation in fabric and centering that collectors encounter across this type.