Manghir - Murad III

Murad III's reign saw the Ottoman copper coinage system under sustained strain — the manghir was chronically debased and counterfeited throughout the later 16th century, to the point where provincial mints produced pieces of wildly inconsistent weight and fabric. KM#24 encompasses a broad range of mint outputs, and attributing individual pieces to specific mint cities remains contested among specialists. The 991 AH date places this squarely within the period before the great currency crisis of the 1580s fully took hold, when silver akçe debasement pushed copper into even more chaotic circulation patterns.