Kopeck - Peter I

Peter I's wire kopecks — produced by the ancient chekanka method, twisting silver wire into blanks and striking them between hand-cut dies — were already an anachronism by 1709. Peter knew it. He had been pushing Western-style milled coinage since 1700, and the wire kopeck survived purely because peasant commerce still depended on it. The Great Northern War was consuming state resources at a punishing rate, and retooling rural monetary habits was a problem for peacetime.

Novgorod mint production of this type ceased within a few years. The irregular planchet shape makes die attribution the primary tool for dating within the series.