Kharuba - Abdel Kader

Abd al-Qadir al-Jazairi struck these tiny billon pieces during the period of his most effective resistance against French colonial forces, operating a functioning state infrastructure — including a mobile mint — while simultaneously conducting military campaigns across western Algeria. The Kharuba was a fractional denomination, and at this scale it was coin-making under genuinely adverse conditions: the mint moved with the army.

French forces destroyed his capital Tagdempt in 1840. He continued issuing coinage regardless.