Qutlugh Khwaja was a son of Duwa Khan and commanded the Chagatai forces that invaded the Indian subcontinent in 1299-1300, pushing deep into the Punjab before being repulsed by Alauddin Khalji's generals. These jitals were struck at Ghazna during precisely that moment of Chagatai expansion — a mint city that had already changed hands repeatedly between Ilkhanid and Chagatai factions across the preceding decades. Ghazna's billon output during this period reflects the fragmented monetary environment of the eastern Chagatai realm, where local jital denominations persisted long after the Mongols absorbed the region.
Qutlugh Khwaja was a son of Duwa Khan and commanded the Chagatai forces that invaded the Indian subcontinent in 1299-1300, pushing deep into the Punjab before being repulsed by Alauddin Khalji's generals. These jitals were struck at Ghazna during precisely that moment of Chagatai expansion — a mint city that had already changed hands repeatedly between Ilkhanid and Chagatai factions across the preceding decades. Ghazna's billon output during this period reflects the fragmented monetary environment of the eastern Chagatai realm, where local jital denominations persisted long after the Mongols absorbed the region.