Jital - Jalal ad-Din Mangubarni

发行方	Khwarazmian Empire (Khwarazmian dynasties)
年份	1220-1231
类型	Standard circulation coin
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正面描述	Two-line Arabic inscription contained within a square frame, the text arranged in bold Kufic-style script occupying the central field. A beaded border encircles the square, and a further beaded outer border follows the irregular coin flan. The inscription likely reads a religious formula or the ruler's name and titles.
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正面铭文	登录以查看详情
背面描述	登录以查看详情
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边缘	Plain
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附加信息	Jalal ad-Din Mangubarni was the last Shah of the Khwarazmian Empire, issuing coins under desperate circumstances after the Mongol invasion shattered his father's realm in 1220. He spent his entire reign fighting a rearguard action — first retreating into India after the Battle of the Indus, then clawing back territory in Persia and the Caucasus, never controlling a stable mint city for long. That itinerant reality is reflected in the coinage: jitals attributed to him vary considerably in fabric and execution, consistent with opportunistic striking across different workshops as he moved. He was murdered by a Kurdish peasant in 1231, ending the dynasty entirely.

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