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Irregular AE - George III Type 2
| Issuer | Kingdom of Georgia |
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| Year | 1156-1184 |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Shape | Round (irregular) |
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| Obverse description | Central field dominated by the Asomtavruli letter Ⴂ ('G'), denoting the royal name Giorgi, enclosed within an ornate decorative frame composed of five interlinking heart-shaped rosettes. Surrounding the frame are further foliate and geometric ornamental motifs interspersed with an Arabic inscription in the outer legend. The overall design reflects the characteristic Georgiano-Islamic artistic synthesis of the medieval Georgian royal coinage. |
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| Reverse description | Central geometric design composed of a five-pointed star with rounded lobes, surrounded by an interlaced geometric pattern typical of Islamic decorative arts. Arabic inscription appears within the fields of the geometric framework, referencing the Abbasid Caliph Al-Muqtafi. The overall composition reflects the convention of Georgian royal copper coinage of the 12th century, which incorporated Abbasid caliphal titulature in acknowledgment of broader Islamic political traditions. |
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| Additional information |
Struck under Giorgi III's daughter Tamar, who co-ruled from around 1178 before assuming sole reign — the "Type 2" designation reflects die and module variations catalogued by modern Georgian numismatists rather than any administrative distinction made at the time of issue. Georgian copper of this period circulated alongside Arab dirhams and Byzantine folles in a monetized economy that the Bagrationi dynasty was actively consolidating after decades of Seljuk pressure.