Hemiobole

Historical Context: This copper Hemiobole from Pergamon dates to the late Attalid dynasty (190-133 BC), a period of immense prosperity and cultural flourishing under rulers like Eumenes II, Attalus II, and Attalus III. Following the Battle of Magnesia, Pergamon became a dominant Hellenistic power and a center of art and learning. This denomination served the kingdom's daily economic needs, complementing its prestigious silver and gold issues, reflecting the widespread commercial activity before the kingdom's eventual bequest to Rome.

Artistry: While engravers for such issues are typically anonymous, the coin embodies Pergamon's refined Hellenistic artistic traditions. The obverse commonly features the helmeted head of Athena, rendered with a blend of classical idealism and naturalistic detail, reflecting the city's reverence. The reverse frequently displays symbols pertinent to Pergamon, such as the serpent of Asclepius or a cult object, executed with precision despite the copper medium, showcasing the high standards of Attalid mints.

Technical/Grading: Struck on an 18mm copper flan weighing 6.92g, this Hemiobole represents a robust piece of currency. For grading, key high-points on the obverse include Athena's helmet crest, facial features, and aegis details. On the reverse, the raised elements of the chosen symbol are crucial. Well-struck examples exhibit sharp details, particularly in Athena's helmet and the reverse motif, though copper issues often present with variable strikes and planchet irregularities.