Gulden - Charles of Egmond

Charles of Egmond spent virtually his entire reign at war with the Habsburgs, and the financing of those campaigns depended heavily on his mint output. His gold gulden coinage was struck across multiple mint facilities under ducal authority during one of the most militarily active periods in Guelders' history — the duchy changed hands repeatedly in diplomatic settlements that Charles repeatedly refused to honor, continuing to strike coins in his own name as an explicit assertion of independence from Habsburg control.

The extended date range of 1492–1538 reflects nearly five decades of contested ducal rule rather than continuous uninterrupted production at a single facility.