Grosso - Francis Maria I Pesaro, arms

Francesco Maria I della Rovere became Duke of Urbino in 1508 after his uncle Guidobaldo I died without an heir, but his tenure was immediately contested. Pope Leo X expelled him from the duchy in 1516, handing Urbino to his own nephew Lorenzo de' Medici — which neatly closes the window on this issue. The della Rovere arms on the grosso are therefore the product of an eight-year reign spent largely in military and diplomatic friction with Rome.

CNI XIII attributes only a handful of examples to the Pesaro mint for this type, and Francesco Maria's Pesaro coinage is consistently underrepresented relative to his Urbino output.