Grosso de 3 bolognini

Lucca's extraordinary run as an independent republic — one of the longest-lived in Italian history, surviving from the medieval period until Napoleon suppressed it in 1799 — means this type spans over four centuries of continuous issue. The remarkable design conservatism was deliberate policy: Lucca maintained the facing bust of Volto Santo, the city's sacred relic, as a mark of civic and religious continuity even as every neighboring signoria collapsed or was absorbed.

The MIR 155/2 variety corresponds to the later emission sequence. CNI XI distinguishes two closely related die pairings at nos. 73 and 74, differentiated by minor legend punctuation.