Groat - Albert of Bavaria Helmet, shield

Albert of Bavaria ruled Holland as count from 1389 until his death in 1404, and his final years were marked by factional conflict between the Hooks and Cods — a dynastic struggle that had destabilized Holland intermittently since the mid-fourteenth century. Coinage from 1401–1403 falls squarely within this turbulent window, when maintaining a functioning mint was itself a political act.

The vdCh 6#7.8 reference places this among the helmet-type groats distinguished in van der Chijs's classification by specific shield and helmet die combinations. These distinctions matter: multiple die marriages were used across the short run, and conflation with adjacent types is a persistent attribution problem for this series.