Gold Écu - John of Heinsberg

John of Heinsberg held the Prince-Bishopric of Liège for nearly four decades, a tenure marked by chronic friction with the guilds of the city and repeated interventions by the Dukes of Burgundy. Philip the Good extracted significant concessions from Heinsberg following the Treaty of Namur in 1421, and the bishopric's coinage through this period reflects an authority that was politically constrained even when nominally sovereign. Heinsberg ultimately abdicated in 1455 under Burgundian pressure.

The Delmonte G#321 attribution places this squarely within the Liégeois écu tradition modeled on French royal types — a deliberate monetary alignment with France rather than the Empire, despite the bishopric's formal status as an Imperial fief.