Hulagu Khan's western campaigns culminated in the 1258 sack of Baghdad — the destruction of the Abbasid Caliphate after five centuries — yet his coinage administration in the newly formed Ilkhanate remained deeply unsettled throughout his reign. Copper fals of this period were locally struck to fill immediate transactional needs, with minting authority fragmented across conquered cities still adjusting to Mongol overlordship. The early Ilkhanid monetary system had no coherent framework yet; that would come only under successors.
Diler's attribution places this among the earliest identifiable Ilkhanid copper issues, predating any serious attempt at standardized provincial mint control.
Hulagu Khan's western campaigns culminated in the 1258 sack of Baghdad — the destruction of the Abbasid Caliphate after five centuries — yet his coinage administration in the newly formed Ilkhanate remained deeply unsettled throughout his reign. Copper fals of this period were locally struck to fill immediate transactional needs, with minting authority fragmented across conquered cities still adjusting to Mongol overlordship. The early Ilkhanid monetary system had no coherent framework yet; that would come only under successors.
Diler's attribution places this among the earliest identifiable Ilkhanid copper issues, predating any serious attempt at standardized provincial mint control.