Fals - 'Ilkhan' Hulagu Khan

Hulagu Khan's western campaigns destroyed the Abbasid Caliphate in 1258 — the sack of Baghdad ended an institution that had defined Islamic political authority for five centuries. The early Ilkhanate coinage produced under his rule reflects the administrative improvisation of a conquest state still deciding what it was: the monetary system inherited fragmentary Seljuk and local traditions, and the copper fals denominations in particular were struck with little central standardization, varying considerably in weight and module across different regional mints.

Hulagu himself died in 1265 before the Ilkhanate converted to Islam, meaning all coinage attributable to his reign predates the religious and administrative consolidation that would define his successors.