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Fals - Anonymous
| Issuer | Umayyad Caliphate |
|---|---|
| Year | 711-756 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | Log in to see details |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | Log in to see details |
| Diameter | Log in to see details |
| Thickness | Log in to see details |
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| Technique | Log in to see details |
| Orientation | Variable alignment ↺ |
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| Obverse description | Heavily worn hammered copper flan displaying Arabic script arranged in two or three horizontal lines across the central field. The lettering, executed in Kufic style, is partially legible due to surface corrosion and flan irregularities characteristic of early Islamic provincial coinage. No figural imagery is present, consistent with the aniconic reform tradition of Umayyad monetary policy. The flat, unbordered field tapers toward the irregular rim, typical of small-denomination fals struck during the Governors Period. |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Central field bearing Arabic Kufic inscriptions arranged in three discernible horizontal lines, consistent with standard Umayyad fals typology. The legend is framed within a rudimentary rectangular border formed by horizontal strokes, a decorative convention frequently encountered on provincial fals of the early Abbasid transition period. Surface patination and wear obscure precise letterforms, though the trilinear arrangement and overall layout are clearly legible. The irregular hammered flan exhibits typical edge crenellation and uneven striking pressure common to copper issues of this era. |
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| Reverse lettering | Log in to see details |
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| Additional information |
The anonymous copper fals circulated in a caliphate that was, for most of this period, still working out how to govern conquered territories with wildly inconsistent local monetary traditions. The Umayyad reform coinage of Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan in 696–697 had standardized gold and silver, but copper was left largely to regional mints operating with minimal central oversight — which is precisely why attribution of these small pieces remains so contested among Islamic numismatists.