Fals - al-Manṣūr ʿAlī II Dimashq mint

Al-Manṣūr ʿAlī II ruled for less than a year — deposed in 1381 after a reign measured in months, not years — making any copper fals from his Damascus mint a product of extreme political instability. The Mamluk fals was largely ignored by contemporary chroniclers, who fixated on gold and silver, yet these copper pieces absorbed the daily commerce of the bazaars. Balog's tight grouping of this type under 501–502 reflects genuine die consistency rather than abundance; surviving examples are scarce precisely because copper coinage of short reigns circulated hard and was rarely preserved.