Dupondius or As - Hadrian COS III P P S C

The COS III designation places this issue after 119 AD, when Hadrian took his third consulship, but the P P — Pater Patriae, Father of the Fatherland — was a title he famously refused for years before finally accepting it in 128 AD, making that combination a reliable chronological anchor. These years coincide with Hadrian's intensive building program in Rome and his broader effort to consolidate rather than expand the empire, a deliberate reversal of Trajanic policy that made him deeply unpopular with the Senate.

RIC II.3 1365 reflects the revised Crawford-era scholarship that split the old RIC II into three volumes to accommodate the expanded die study.