Dukat gdański - Jan II Kazimierz Waza Gdańsk mint

Jan II Kazimierz issued these ducats from the Gdańsk mint during one of the most desperate stretches of Polish history — the tail end of the Deluge, when Swedish, Brandenburgian, Transylvanian, and Cossack forces had simultaneously ravaged the Commonwealth. Gdańsk itself never fell, and its mint kept striking quality gold through the occupation years, making it the most financially reliable operation in the country when virtually every other royal revenue stream had collapsed.

Kop#7661 and Kop#7663 represent distinct annual emissions; the Kopicki references reflect differences in die execution between the two years rather than variety within a single issue.