Drachm - Indeterminate King - temp. Orodes IV / Orodes V - Kingdom of Elymais Arsacid Dynasty

Elymais, the semi-independent kingdom occupying the foothills east of Susiana, maintained a fragmented coinage tradition through its final Arsacid rulers — a succession so poorly documented that numismatists cannot assign individual issues to specific kings with confidence. The attribution to Orodes IV or V reflects genuine scholarly uncertainty, not catalog shorthand; the royal sequence itself remains contested, with different authorities numbering these rulers differently depending on whether earlier, disputed reigns are counted.

Billon coinage of this late phase points to a kingdom under severe economic strain well before the Sasanian conquest extinguished the dynasty entirely around 221 AD.