Double Tournois - Francis I 4th type

Francis I introduced this fourth type of the double tournois late in his reign, a period consumed by the Italian Wars and mounting fiscal pressure from decades of conflict with Charles V. The billon content of small divisional coinage was routinely debased during these years as the crown extracted what metal value it could from the circulating currency without resorting to outright token issues.

The Gadoury rarity rating of R1 indicates genuine scarcity — not collector inflation. Ciani's silence on this type suggests it fell outside the scope of his corpus or that attributable examples were simply too few to classify with confidence.